VLAN Tutor

VLAN (VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network and IEEE 802.1Q)
主要目的是讓不同的phisical port 互相 share 同一個 logical channel

Adv: Make MIS easy setup the same LAN ignore the phyisical device limitation
any others?

Disadv:
還沒想到 :)

設定VLAN 的policy

1. Port-Based VLAN: each physical switch port is configured with an access list specifying membership in a set of VLANs.
2. MAC-based VLAN: a switch is configured with an access list mapping individual MAC addresses to VLAN membership.
3. Protocol-based VLAN: a switch is configured with a list of mapping layer 3 protocol types to VLAN membership - thereby filtering IP traffic from nearby end-stations using a particular protocol such as IPX.
4. ATM VLAN - using LAN Emulation (LANE) protocol to map Ethernet packets into ATM cells and deliver them to their destination by converting an Ethernet MAC address into an ATM address.

VLAN header protocol
http://www.javvin.com/protocolVLAN.html

VLAN header 內的欄位說明

• TPID- defined value of 8100 in hex. When a frame has the EtherType equal to 8100, this frame carries the tag IEEE 802.1Q / 802.1P.
• TCI - Tag Control Information field including user priority, Canonical format indicator and VLAN ID.
• User Priority- Defines user priority, giving eight (2^3) priority levels. IEEE 802.1P defines the operation for these 3 user priority bits.
• CFI- Canonical Format Indicator is always set to zero for Ethernet switches. CFI is used for compatibility reason between Ethernet type network and Token Ring type network. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port.
• VID- VLAN ID is the identification of the VLAN, which is basically used by the standard 802.1Q. It has 12 bits and allow the identification of 4096 (2^12) VLANs. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094.